self the servant of the Committee just as much as if I was paid for the performance of the duty.

In my way to Tripolizza, I should propose to confer with the Swiss and German Committees, and to establish an efficient system of co-operation, without shackling our efforts.

On my arrival in Greece I might be usefully employed under Lord Byron in conferring with the government on the disposal of the services, of those officers whom the Committee have sent thither; in making arrangements for the formation of the laboratory-establishment, and in selecting proper persons to work in that department; in recommending the introduction of discipline in the Greek armies, and in pointing out the means of effecting that object; in endeavouring to improve the discipline of their irregular troops, by instructing them in the use of their arms, in the attack and defence of places, and in the construction of field-works. It would, also, be matter of vast importance to promote a general system of useful education, in which the use of arms should not be neglected.

The printing and lithographic presses should be properly disposed of, not to the government, but to the public; and intelligent and honest men should be stimulated to express and publish their thoughts freely.

I am, &c.

LEICESTER STANHOPE.

[Vide Appendix, Nos. 1, 2, 3.]

Dear Bowring,

LETTER II.

TO THE SAME.

Redstadt, 6th October, 1823.

ON my arrival at Darmstadt, on the 4th instant, I called on the two Messrs. Hoffman. Both, unfortunately, were absent. I next addressed myself to the President, Monsieur Hoepfner. This Gentleman complained much of the conduct of the Greek government towards the German corps: the Capitani, he said, were jealous of them; they had been left inactive and destitute of all succour. The German and Swiss Committees had, in consequence, come to a resolution to order the legion home, unless the Greek government would supply them with the means of subsistence.

In reply to these remarks, I observed that the Greek chiefs, though too aspiring, were wisely jealous of the interference of foreigners; that so far from wishing to curb this spirit, it should be fostered, as calculated to root in the public mind a hatred of foreign dominion, whether exercised by Turk or Tartar; and that the only reason for employing foreign troops was some case of emergency, or for the purpose of communicating and spreading knowledge in the various branches of the art of war. Upon this principle, and to this end, all our succours should be employed. As to the policy of sending the troops back to Germany, that measure should only be warranted by a want of funds, which, under the present prospect of obtaining a loan, could not be anticipated; and that under even the most unfavourable

circumstances, there was reason to hope that a number of those Germans might be employed in the laboratory. It may be well here to remark that, according to Mr. Hoepfner's estimate, a soldier may be subsisted in Greece at the rate of one guinea per month, and for £14 may be sent back to Germany.

I then put various questions to Mr. H. and solicited a written answer to the following, viz.—

1st. Whether any aid to a Greek loan could be obtained in Germany, and how that measure could be furthered?

2d. What measures were adviseable with respect to the German corps in Greece?

3d. Whether it would be desirable to establish a joint committee in Greece, consisting of one English, one German, and one Swiss member?

4th. By what means he thought a safe communication could be established between Greece and Germany? and

5th. In what manner the feeling in Germany could be excited in favour of the Greeks, so as to baffle the efforts of the Turks, to avert the power of Russia, and to confound the wily arts of the holy league?

To these questions I received the following answers. [Vide Appendix, No. 4.]

As far as these points are connected with my duties, they shall be scrupulously attended to.

I furnished the Darmstadt Committee with all Captain Blaquiere's able reports, which they have agreed to publish in the papers. I also gave them a list of the Consuls of the Levant Company, which they promised to publish, and to animadvert on their ungenerous con

duct. The Darmstadt Committee are desirous of giving publicity to Mr. Canning's schoolboy Essay on the Rise and Fall of the Greeks. They will add to it such a commentary as they may deem useful to the cause. Colonel De Lounay has had a conference with the Darmstadt Committee: they think well of him. He is now at Zurich, where I expect to meet him in a few days.

Not wishing to check my progress, I have resolved not to go to Stutgard. The North and South German and Swiss Committees are in such close alliance that by conferring with those of Darmstadt and Zurich, all my business may be accomplished. I trust that you and the Committee will approve of my determination.

FROM Darmstadt I travelled with a Prussian officer of hussars. Much of our conversation was about the Landwehr, as I thought that parts of the system might be applicable to the Greek constitutional force. I was happy to learn from this hussar that flogging had been entirely abolished in the Prussian army. I was, however, shocked to reflect that, while we imitated the Prussians so closely in our tactics, our discipline, and even in our dress, we should differ from them only in

this most barbarous custom; and that those valiant soldiers who had never lost a field in the peninsula should still be subjected to the worst and severest code of any perhaps in Europe.

.. I reached Zurich on the 8th of October, and immediately called on M. Hirzel, of the Greek Committee: I found him honest and enlightened. I put a number of questions to him for the consideration of the Committee, similar to those previously proposed at Darmstadt.

On the same night the Committee assembled. Mark well the character of the meeting. President, Monsieur Hirzel, Secretar der Justiz und Polizey. Members, Professor Foest, Oberschreiber am obergericht und Mitglied des Geheimen Raths, Major Foest, Monsieur Hess, Pfarrer an der Waisenkirche, Professor Hollinger, Dr. Hans Locker, &c. The questions were put by the President. He then called upon me to explain the object of each measure, and afterwards on each member in rotation to give his opinion. The measures having been approved, I was next desired to state what the London Committee had done and what they had in contemplation.

I told them that the London Committee consisted of some of the most eminent scholars, members of parliament, soldiers, merchants, and virtuous men in England. I mentioned the names of Bentham, Erskine, Mackintosh, Hume, Hobhouse, and the Russells. I said that the grand object of the Committee was to give freedom and knowledge to Greece. To this end they had given publicity to their sentiments, as also to the sufferings and heroie actions of the Greeks, which they