Thalpochares fractilinea nov. sp.

Head, thorax and primaries pale, creamy yellowish, the latter washed and shaded with luteous. Basal line wanting, or marked only by black dots on costa and sub-costa. T.a. line a series of black dots which are sometimes connected by a brownish line, in course a little inwardly oblique. T.p. line black, broken, squarely exserted over the cell, followed by a more or less obvious pale shading. S.t. line pale, very even, outwardly diffuse, preceded by a darker shading in which there may be some black scales. A series of distinct black terminal lunules and a pale line at base of fringes. A somewhat obscure median shade darkens the outer portion of median space. Orbicular wanting. Reniform a small black, somewhat lunate mark. A series of four pale costal spots from t.p. to s.t. line. Secondaries uniformly smoky. Beneath, primaries dusky, with the costal spots of upper surface obscurely reproduced; secondaries paler, without obvious maculation.

Habitat: New Brighton, Pa., June 12, July 29, Aug. 3, 9, 12, 14, 26.

Five males, one female, and two specimens in which the sex is indeterminable, owing to their defective condition; from Mr. H. D. Merrick. The species is narrower-winged and has longer palpi than the other American forms referred to this genus, and this may not be the best place for it. The primaries lack the accessory cell in the two specimens examined, and this determined the generic reference.

Homopyralis bigallis nov. sp.

Of the usual red-brown overlying a dull luteous, which becomes apparent when the specimen is flown? Maculation black. More or less black powdering, which usually darkens the basal space and may obscure the outer half of median space of primaries. Head and thorax marked with black and purplish intermingled scales. Primaries with t.a. line black, geminate, outcurved below median vein, inner part of line not distinct from dusky basal space. T.p. line geminate, inner portion lunulate, more or less broken, rather squarely exserted over cell; outer portion incomplete, in part reduced to a series of pale venular dots. A pair of waved black shade lines through the outer portion of median space. S.t. line pale, irregular, variably defined, preceded by a quadrate blackish patch on costal area. A series of black marginal followed by smaller, yellow terminal dots. Orbicular a small, round, solid black spot. Reniform a large, solid black quadrate or oblong spot. Secondaries with the maculation of primaries continued across the disk, but as a whole nearer to the base than on primaries. There is a tendency to a purplish shading through the outer part of the wings. Beneath, smoky luteous; both wings with a curved extra-median line, a crenulated terminal line, a more diffuse sub-basal line, and an obscure discal lunule.

Habitat: Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7000 ft., September; Yavapai County, Arizona, Aug. 8; Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, July 30; Palmerly, Arizona, without date.

Four males and two females, in fair condition. The markings are more clearly defined and the lines are better separated than in the allied species. Superficially the larger size will at once make it recognizable.

Epizeuxis intensalis nov. sp.

Head, thorax and primaries deep, rich, lustrous smoky brown; on the head and thorax uniform, on the primaries overlying a pale, glossy luteous which appears through in places, and gives the wing a mottled appearance. T.a. line upright, with three equal outward teeth or angles only a little darker than the ground, and usually best marked by the preceding pale shade, which is variably complete and always diffuse. T.p. line sharply denticulate, with long outward teeth on all veins, only a little outcurved over cell and incurved below, best marked by the well-defined pale line which follows the obscure darker line. S.t. line very irregular, forming three main outward lobes and three long inward angles, the first outward lobe beginning at costa and extending to the inward tooth opposite middle of cell; the second lobe begins at the latter point, and extends to the inward angulations on veins 1 and 2; the third outward lobe is only partial, and extends to the inner margin. The terminal space is always paler than the rest of the wing, often mottled, and sometimes contrastingly so. There is no obvious median shade. A distinct black terminal line, narrowly interrupted on the veins. Fringes smoky, narrowly cut with yellow. Orbicular a small round dot of the yellow ground-color. Reniform moderate in size, somewhat lunate, consisting of a dark crescent set in a larger spot of the pale ground-color. Secondaries whitish, with a yellowish or smoky suffusion, darker outwardly. There is a dusky median line followed by a pale shading, a pale sub-marginal line, and a distinct brown terminal line. Beneath, yellow, very sharply marked with a common black median line, a much fainter and variably evident s.t. line, and obscure discal spots.

Expands 1.10-1.40 in. = 28-37 mm.

Habitat: Yavapai County, Arizona, July and August (Hutson); Southern Arizona, June 15-30 (Poling); Southern California (Poling).

Six males and one female, in fair or good condition. This species resembles cobeta Barnes at first sight, but differs from all others in the genus by the distinctly annulate reniform, the contrasting terminal space, and the sharply-marked under side. The secondaries also are paler than in any other of the allied forms, so that we have a fairly well-defined species in an aggregation of decidedly variable forms.

Epizeuxis partitalis nov. sp.

Head and thorax glossy brown with a smoky tinge, abdomen somewhat paler. Primaries glossy brown; basal area a broad diffuse median shade, and all beyond the t.p. line smoky blackish. T.a. line nearly upright, with three moderate outcurves in the interspaces. T.p. line blackish, well-defined, denticulate, followed by a less distinct paler line, moderately outcurved and drawn in only a little in the

submedian interspace. S.t. line pale, irregular, incomplete. A black, somewhat lunate terminal line. Fringes pale brown, obscurely cut with darker brown. Orbicular not marked in the specimens before me. Reniform a small, upright dark bar preceded by a paler shading. Secondaries smoky, darker outwardly, alinost whitish at base. There is a blackish median, a whitish sub-terminal, and a blackish terminal line; the fringes pale dull yellowish. Beneath, powdery yellowish basally, smoky or blackish beyond the middle; all wings with a small discal spot; primaries with diffuse median shade, with obvious t.p. and pale s.t. line; secondaries reproducing more clearly the maculation of upper surface.

Habitat: Yavapai County, Arizona, July 24 (Hutson).

One male and one female. Differs from the allied species in the paler median space crossed by an obvious median shade. The secondaries are as dark as in lubricalis; and as a whole it is very markedly distinct from intensalis, which was collected in the same locality.

[ANNALS N.Y. ACAD. SCI., Vol. XVIII, No. 3, Part II, pp. 129–146. 4 April, 1908.]

ON DETERMINATION OF MINERAL CONSTITUTION
THROUGH RECASTING OF ANALYSES.1

BY ALEXIS A. JULIEN, PH. D.

INTRODUCTION.

The recognition of the aggregate character of rock constitution, even in varieties of aphanitic texture, has led the analyst in recent years to rearrange the determined chemical components of a rock in the form and proportion of its existing mineral constituents. The now well-known advantages of this practice, in the bearing of its results on the true character and probable origin of a rock, are bringing about a complete revolution in petrographical science. The day of the representation of the material of a rock by a mere report of its chemical analysis has now passed.

The early mineralogists were accustomed frequently to transpose analyses of a mineral substance into the proximate mineral constituents known at that time, such as calcareous minerals and ores into various carbonates and oxides. With the silicate minerals however the increasing list of known minerals soon became burdened with an indefinite series of hypothetical compounds, proposed by Rammelsberg, Tschermak, Knop and their successors. The difficulty and uncertainty attending the use of these, in interpretation of chemical analyses, have perhaps served to discourage the continuance of the ancient method; so that at present the discussion of the chemical composition of a mineral generally ceases with presentation of its analysis, accompanied by oxygen ratios and a formula.

A chemical analysis alone, particularly of a complex compound, such as a silicate, rarely conveys- even to the eye of an expert mineralogistmuch more than a vague guess or estimate of the distinctive character of the combination. A glance, for example, over an analysis of a chlorite, separately presented, would hardly enable him to assign it with any certainty to the page-full of selected but widely varying analyses of penninite or to those of clinochlore or to those of prochlorite comprised in every treatise

1 Presented to the Academy at the meeting on 6 January, 1908.