Delesseria Hypoglossum Ag., Grev. Alga Brit., p. 75. t. 12. Dr. Greville remarks of this species, "In Britain, its full length is about 3 in.; but a specimen in my possession, gathered by Miss Hutchins in Ireland, measures about 8 in." A specimen obtained by Dr. Drummond at Larne, in June, 1835, measures 19 in. in length; and many more, collected at the same time, are in size very little inferior to it. Rhodomènia sobolifera Grev.; Fucus sobolíferus Eng. Bot., t. 2133. Obtained in different parts of Strangford Lough, by Mr. Hyndman and myself, in 1834 and 1835: some of the specimens exceeded 7 in, in length. Rhodómela lycopodioides Ag.; Fùcus lycopodiöìdes Eng. Bot., t. 1163. Not of uncommon occurrence on the stems of Laminària sacchárina at Bangor, in October, 1835. Còdium tomentosum Stackh., Grev., Alga Brit., p. 185. t. 19., has been found at Larne, occasionally, during winter, by Dr. Drummond, but not of late years.

Donegal Square, Belfast, Jan. 27. 1836.

ART. VII. Evidence in Argument that Remains of Mástodon giganteus and Mástodon látidens have been found in the Tertiary Beds of Norfolk. By SAMUEL WOODWARD, Esq.

SOME doubts having been expressed by Mr. Bakewell, in 37-42., as to the existence of the remains of mastodon in the tertiary beds of Norfolk, I beg permission to lay before your readers a few brief remarks on the subject.

The distinctive characters of the grinders of the elephant and mastodon are so decided, that it is scarcely possible to mistake the one for the other. The enamel of the former is disposed in pairs transversely, to the number of about ten, surrounded and held together by what Parkinson terms the crusta petrosa. Now, the enamel of the grinder of the mastodon is all external; whilst the crusta petrosa, or a substance resembling it, is internal. I saw a tooth of the elephant, the other day, in the collection of the Rev. William Foulger,

Since the above was written, I have read Mr. Clift's remarks on the fossil remains from Ava, published in the Geological Transactions, 2d series, vol. ii. Speaking, in p. 373., of the tooth of M. elephantöìdes, and its near approximation to those of the elephant, he proceeds to say, "It is not impossible that there may yet be a link wanting, which might be supplied by an animal having a tooth composed of a greater number of denticules, increasing in depth, and having the rudiments of crusta petrosa, that necessary ingredient in the tooth of the elephant (for it is the animal mortar, as it were, by which the plates, or denticules, are cemented together), the entire absence of which distinguishes the tooth of the mastodon."

which I remember having had offered me by some fishermen at Bacton, on our coast, in 1824; and, but for their cupidity, I should have possessed it. This singular specimen, from the decomposition of the crusta petrosa of the posterior end, exhibits the upper part of two plates, terminating in points, which may be closely represented by placing the palms of the hands together, dropping one hand a little, and keeping the ends of the fingers a trifle apart. Specimens approximating this are not uncommon. Parkinson mentions one, in his possession, resembling the paw of a bear. I have one in which the protrusion of the points gives it a similar appearance; but, among all the specimens of the grinders of the elephant from our coast, I have not seen any thing like the mammil

lated processes of the tooth of the mastodon [mastos, a teat; odous, odontos, a tooth; figs. 22, and 23.] associated with the plates of that of the elephant: another criterion is, that these points are in rows, whilst the mammæ of the teeth of the mastodon (with the exception, I believe, of M. elephantöides) are irregular.

These remains appear to be of two species, Mastodon gigantèus and làtidens.

M. gigantèus (Parkinson's Organic Remains, vol. iii. tab. i.). The large grinder figured by Smith, in his Strata Identified, was reported to have been found at Whitlingham, near Norwich; and, when at Scarborough, last summer, I put the question to him, and he assured me that it was so found. I believe that the fragment of a grinder which I found, some years since, at Bramerton, also belongs to the same species; as does that of the Rev. William Foulger, found at the same place. When I found my fragment, I think the whole tooth must have been there; as it was with a large mass of brown decomposing matter, the firmer parts of which I placed in my basket for further examination.

M. látidens (Geological Trans., second series, vol. ii. tab. 36. to 39.). The figures No. 22. a. and b. are of the fragment of a grinder the figures are of one fourth of the diameter of the original, and represent a front view and a side one: found at Horstead, in this county (Norfolk), about six miles northeast of Norwich; which, on comparison with those of that species from Ava, in the collection of the Geological Society, will be found to agree pretty well. This interesting specimen

was first in the possession of the Rev. James Layton of Cutfield, and afterwards of Dawson Turner, Esq., of Yarmouth, who has for some time past missed it from his collection. The sketch which I have given was taken whilst it was in that gentleman's possession. Mr. Layton, in a communication to Mr. Fairholme, published in his Geology of Scripture, p. 281., says, “In 1820, an entire skeleton of the great mastodon was found at Horstead, near Norwich, lying on its side, stretched out between the chalk and the gravel. A grinder was brought to me (it is still in the possession of Dawson Turner, Esq., of Yarmouth); but so long after it was discovered, that scarcely any other part of the animal could be preserved. The whole had been carried away with the chalk, and burnt for lime, or spread in minute fragments over the fields." And in p. 370., "Your doubt, as to the great mastodon being found in Norfolk, came not at all unexpected: I should have doubted it myself under almost any other circumstances: as it is, I feel sure and certain of the fact. I lived at Catfield, in Norfolk, six miles from Hasborough, and about as far from Horstead. From this latter place marl is carried to all the villages in the neighbourhood, to be spread upon the land. A boatman, who was in the habit of bringing me fossils, brought a grinder of this mastodon as a curiosity, saying it had been found in the marl, and given to him by the head pitman. It was the posterior portion of the grinder of the great mastodon (I am certain of the fact), containing, as far as I recollect, eight points, none of which had been cut or brought into use. On the first opportunity I went to make enquiry about it at the chalk-pit. The pitman pointed out to me the place where it was found, and said that the whole animal was, as it were, lying on its side, stretched out on the surface of the marl. He described it as being very soft, and that a great part of it would at first spread like butter; the whole, however, had been thrown down along with the marl, and carried away. He said he had looked upon it as very curious indeed, but of no use; and he had kept that piece of the tooth merely by accident. He afterwards found another fragment or two of the bones in his garden, where he had thrown them, and he sent them to me. They are now in my possession; but I am not able to identify them with the mastodon, as distinguished from the mammoth or elephant. The grinder I sent to Dawson Turner, Esq., of Great Yarmouth, who, probably, has it now."

The fragment figured No. 23. a. and b., which represent a side view, and a front one, reduced to one fourth of the diameter of the original, belongs, I conceive, to a young in

other organic remains, particularly crabs (Cáncer Mæ`nas, and I'nachus Lamárckii) and coprolites, to the Norfolk and Norwich Museum.

Norwich, Jan. 20. 1836.

ART. VIII. A Notice of Appearances of the Sky in Guernsey on the Nights of Nov. 17. and 18. 1835, in relation to the Instances of Aurora Borealis seen in these Nights in England; and of Appearances of a splendid Meteor seen in Guernsey and Jersey in the Morning of Jan. 12. 1836. By F. C. LUKIS, Esq.

THE appearance of the sky, as seen from this island, on the nights of Nov. 17. and 18. 1835, was not attended by that brilliant display of rays or streams of light, as noticed in the various accounts already published in p. 23-36.

On the 17th, the whole northern part of the horizon was luminous to such a degree as to urge me to call several members of my family to observe it. The general aspect was that of splendid twilight, having a few dark dense clouds floating gently along its whole range; that is, from north-east to north

west.

On the 18th, the same appearances were repeated, with equal brilliancy.

On both nights the weather was calm; but these days had been preceded and were followed by partial showers.

[Meteor.]-I herewith send you two notices, from newspapers, of a splendid meteor seen on Tuesday, Jan. 12. 1836.

From the Guernsey Comet.-On Tuesday morning [Jan. 12. 1836.], about half-past 6 o'clock, a friend of ours, who was in St. Martin's parish, had his attention suddenly arrested by a phenomenon in the heavens of uncommon magnificence, which appeared in a southerly direction. It was visible for two or three minutes; and, during the period of its visibility, it was so light, that any person could have easily picked up a pin upon the ground. The phenomenon in question appeared as large as the sun, and darted forth its rays in every direction, exhibiting one of the grandest spectacles he had ever witnessed. After being stationary during the period already mentioned, it moved with great velocity towards the west, and

quickly disappeared, leaving behind it a radiance such as is witnessed when the sun sets on a fine summer's evening.

From the Jersey News.-A phenomenon in the heavens occurred on Tuesday morning last, between the hours of 6 and 7 o'clock, just before the break of day. A stupendous ball of fire was seen to descend towards the earth, which so illuminated the horizon, that a person could distinctly see to pick up any thing on the ground. Some country people, who were hastening to their work from St. Clement's to the Pier, were so alarmed at the sight, that they ran for shelter to the first house they came to. Its descent appeared to be very slow, until it came within the influence of the earth, when it was very rapid it was travelling from north to south. The previous night was very stormy, with occasional vivid flashes of lightning, which continued at intervals until the morning.

The Brighton Guardian of Jan. 13. 1836, notices the appearance of a meteor on the same day and hour as the above; which correspondence inclines me to believe it to have been the same luminous body.

My man-servant, who was traversing a ploughed field at the time, informs me that it passed with immense velocity, at an angle apparently about 45° from the horizon, and that it became broad daylight in an instant, so that he could observe the smallest speck upon the ground on which he stood. Guernsey, Feb. 2. 1836.

ART. IX.

Some Notice of the Effects of the Gas in the City of London on the Atmosphere. By W. H. WHITE, Esq. DURING the severe frost between Dec. 19. and 27. 1835, I observed the streets in the city to become very dirty after the evening closed in; so that I more than once was led to the conclusion that a rapid thaw was taking place; but when I came near to my house (3 miles south of London Bridge), I found the roads quite hard, and the trees still covered with their icy crystals: this led me to the consideration that the difference of temperature in the city was owing to the heat given out by the gas. It was, however, no great difficulty to make the experiment with the thermometer; in doing which, I found that the temperature during the day, in the city, was 3° Fahrenheit higher than at my house; and that, after the gas in the city had been lighted four or five hours, the temperature increased full 3°: thus making the difference of 6°, and sometimes as much as 7°, in the space of three miles.