to

chapels, or out on the breezy ramparts, making
abortive sketches, and enjoying herself. At last she
had begun to taste again the child's pleasures,
love the air and the blue sky, and to be happy in
her youth and her existence without asking anything
else; and a feeling that the eighteenth year might
after all be tided over, and the good choice made,
and the not impossible son-in-law might yet be found
in the future to glad the mother's eye, came into
Mrs. Mildmay's heart. This is what she was think-
ing when she heard some one come in at the door.
Doors have no locks in Mont Saint Michel, so that
even with the best will in the world, an English lady
cannot shut them, but must take her chance like her
neighbors. Perhaps it was Nora, — perhaps it was
M. le Aumonier coming in for a chat. But it was a
step slightly hesitating, which lingered and stopped,
and then came on. Mrs. Mildmay did not take
much notice, for by this time she was used to the
place, and she went on with her thoughts, even after
the door of her own room was tapped at and opened.
"I beg your pardon," said an English voice; "could
you tell me Good heavens!". and here the in-
truder stopped short.

-

course I shall be delighted; but if I might advise, in the cool of the evening-"

"O, we are not in Italy, you know," Mrs. Mildmay said. "I never feel it too hot here, and we go out in hats, and don't make any toilette. The Chateau is well worth seeing; I am pretty well up in it now, and we are just going away. Come, it will be charming to show you everything," said the unprincipled woman; and with all this string of fibs she led him out, and took his arm as she had said, and climbed the stairs, and pointed out all the views to him. Nora was no doubt on the sands, and so long as she absorbed him in architecture, and kept his eyes turned upwards, no immediate harm could come of it. It was very hot, and the sun blazed down upon all the stony ramparts and all the scorching stairs, and the fish was overwhelming, and the ascent more inhuman than ever. Mrs. Mildmay felt as if she must drop, but still she hurried on. She told him the dates of the building (and made a dreadful mess of it), and the legend, and how it had all come about; and pointed out the chapel, towering, clustering up, a climax to all those buttresses and pinnacles, where the Archangel stood enthroned. Poor soul! she did it as the slave-woman crossed the ice, that her child might not be taken away from her. Sir Harry Preston's good-looking young face was as terrible to her as if he had been a hideous planter who would have whipped Nora and made her pick cotton. Had he not already paid the poor girl attention, and made all sorts of deceitful pre

Mrs. Mildmay turned round from the peaceful Norman landscape and her dreams of peace; she gave a great cry, and started up to her feet, and looked him in the face. In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, all her fair hopes went toppling over like a house of cards. He might well say good heavens! For her part it was all she could do to keep the sudden tears of vexation and disappoint-tences to gain admission in Park Lane? And thus ment and dismay within her smarting eyes.

she toiled on, half fainting, up to the castle door.

What was the awful spectacle that the mother found awaiting her there? Sir Harry thought it the prettiest sight in the world, but Mrs. Mildmay grasped his arm to support herself when it dawned upon her, and would have fallen if he had not caught her. It was simply Nora, seated under the gloomy portal, just where the portcullis came down, sitting against the gloom, with the darkness going off into a deep black curve behind her, with her Titian hair blown about her shoulders, her hat off, her soft

"Who would have thought to find you here?" he said, coming in and holding out his hand to her; and she could not refuse to take it. She could not accuse him of coming to look for Nora. She could not call in François and M. le Curé and a few of the villagers, and have him pitched over the ramparts, as she would have liked to do. She had to give him her hand, all trembling, and to say, "How do you do, Sir Harry?" as politeness demanded. And at any moment Nora might come in, who might not have her mother's objections! For he was a bright-cheeks glowing, her great eyes opening wide with eyed, gallant young fellow, and would have given the Curé and François enough to do, had Mrs. Mildmay's benevolent desire been carried out. He came up to her with such eager cordiality, and such an affectionate interest in her movements, that she could not entertain the soothing idea that possibly it was not that he meant. Alas! the poor mother knew all about it. She knew how civil they always were, and how anxious to please. She knew the very smile, and the air of such deep deference, and the profound, disinterested devotion. "Is it possible that you are staying here?" he said. "What luck! I have just sent my traps to the inn, for a few days'-hum-fishing, you know; but I did not know what good fortune awaited me!"-The dreadful, deceitful young hypocrite! And he sat down without being invited, and set a chair for himself opposite the door, where he could see everybody who entered; and Nora might come in any minute! Mrs. Mildmay felt that affairs were critical, and that there was not a moment to be lost.

"I was just going up to the chapel," she said, with outward calm, but all the inward commotion which arises from telling a lie. "I shall be glad to show it you. Come, it will be so good of you to give me your arm up all those stairs."

wonder, and - Heaven knows what besides. That was what the poor mother's over-caution had brought upon her. He might have gone away, but she had insisted on bringing him here. If she did not faint it was only from the fear that he might say something to Nora over her prostrate body. Mrs. Mildmay sat down on the stair beside her daughter, and looked piteously in her face, and made a last trial. How she had the strength for it she never could tell.

66

Nora, my love, I am sure you are tired," she said. "Is it not surprising to see Sir Harry here? I am going to show him the chapel; but I am sure you are tired and hot, and want to go home. Go and lie down a little and rest, and never mind waiting for me. We are going away so soon, you know, I should like to see the chapel once more.'

99

All this Mrs. Mildmay accompanied with looks which were much more eloquent than words, looks which said, "You know I dare not speak any plainer. O, go home, and don't drive me to despair!" And it was not to be supposed that Nora should like being sent home, though she was not quite prepared, being taken thus all in a moment, to fly in her mother's face.

She sat on the stair and mused, and it all went "What now?" said Sir Harry; "you can't think very quickly through her young head. Naturally how hot it is outside; and the smell of the fish. Of she saw the matter from a point of view very dif

ferent from that of Mrs. Mildmay; but Nora was at | and he was good for a great deal. the bottom a good girl enough, and she did not want, as we have said, to fly in her mother's face. She had shaken hands with Sir Harry, and when she saw him it had certainly occurred to her that he would be rather a pleasant change from the Curé and Le Brique; and if it should perhaps prove possible to please her mother and not to send away the stranger-just then a happy inspiration came to Nora. She put on her hat, and got up from the stair, and took Mrs. Mildmay's arm.

marvellous energy and constancy with which the | Island could scarcely have been found. Indiana, in great game has been played out by the American people. As one of the many Englishmen whose faith in that people never faltered during the contest, I do most heartily rejoice to see that all classes of my countrymen are at last not only ready to appreciate, but hearty in their appreciation of, what has been done for freedom in America in this revolutionary war. I am sure that we now only want further knowledge of facts to honor our kith and kin across the Atlantic as they deserve to be honored, for the glorious sacrifices which they made of all that was most precious and dearest to them in a struggle upon which not only their own life as a nation, but the future of at least one third of the world, was at stake.

In this belief, I think that Christmas is the right time for bringing out into somewhat clearer light a side of the drama which has not been as yet fairly presented to us here: I mean, first, the strain on the resources of the Northern States while the war lasted; and, secondly, the heroism of the men of gentle birth and nature, who, so far from shrinking from the work, and fighting by substitute (as was asserted by some of our leading journals), took at least their fair share of all the dangers and miseries and toils of those dark years.

1860, possessed 8,161,717 acres of improved farming land; Rhode Island but 329,884. Indiana was fifth of all the States in agricultural production, and thirteenth in manufacturing, Rhode Island standing tenth, or three higher than her gigantic younger sister. Yet we find the same readiness of response to the President's call to arms amongst Western farmers as amongst New England mechanics and merchants. The population of Indiana is returned in the census of 1860 at 1,350,428, and her males at 693,469. On the 31st of December, 1862, she had furnished 102,698 soldiers, besides a militia homeguard when her frontiers were threatened. When Morgan made his raid into the State, 60,000 tendered their services within twenty-four hours, and nearly 20,000 were on his track within three days. I do not happen in this case to have the later returns, and so must turn back to New England, to the old Puritan Bay State, to give one perfect example of what the American people did in the great struggle.

Massachusetts, at the outbreak of the war, held a population of 1,230,000 or thereabouts, out of which there were 257,833 males between the ages of fifteen and forty. The first blood shed in the war against the slave power, as in the Revolutionary war against First then, as to the people's work; and, highly England, was Massachusetts blood. The Sixth Masas we may value the men who have come to the sachusetts was fired on in the streets of Baltimore front, and whose names as soldiers and statesmen on April 19th, 1861, and had to fight its way through are now known over the whole world, we must ac- the town, losing four killed and thirty wounded in knowledge that the true hero of the war is, after all, the operation. Well, the number of men demanded the American people. In proof of this I will take of Massachusetts during the war was 117,624. The one or two of the Northern States, and look for a number furnished by her (reducing all to the three moment at what the call was which was made on years' standard) was 125,437, being a surplus over them, and how they answered to it. Let us look, as all calls of 7,813. Besides these, 6,670 were musa first instance, at the smallest in area of all the tered in answer to a call for three months' men in States, and the smallest in population of all the free 1864, which were never credited to her by the govStates. Little Rhode Island, at the census of 1860, ernment. Look at the meaning now of this other just before the breaking out of the war, contained fact, that she has actually sent more men to the war a population of 174,620. As usual in the Eastern than are now to be found in the State liable to do States, the females considerably exceeded the males, military duty. How does this tell as to wear and and of the latter there were 82,304 altogether. Up tear of the human material in those Southern camto December 1st, 1862- that is to say, in less than paigns? The last assessors' return gave these at two years from the first call of the President for 133,767; while the total number who served (introops - Rhode Island furnished 14,626 men to the cluding three and nine months' men, and not adher army, and 1,400 to the navy, or almost 1 in 5 of her ing to the three years' standard) was 153,486. Out total male population, and, of course, far more than of these, how many does the reader (who has probthat proportion of her men of fighting age, between ably heard more or less of "stopping the war by 18 and 45. In the first enthusiasm, when the call prohibiting emigration from Ireland," and of "New for 500,000 men came in the summer of 1861, the England hiring foreign mercenaries to do the fight quota of Rhode Island was 4,057, and she furnished ing") think were foreign recruits? Just 907. This 5,124. I do not give the later returns, because does not include men born out of the States, but there appears to have been a large number of sub-resident or naturalized there before the war broke stitutes amongst her recruits after 1862, and I have out. These latter, however, I suppose, could not no means of knowing whether these were or were not natives of the State. There is no need to overstate the case, and I should, on every account, shrink from doing so. Rhode Island, though the smallest, is tenth in rank of all the States as a producer, and her people are consequently rich and prosperous. If, in the later years of the war, they found substitutes in large numbers, it must be, at the same time, remembered, that they contributed more largely than any other State, in proportion to numbers, to that noblest of all charities, the Sanitary Commis

sion.

--

But Englishmen will very likely say, "Give us an instance of any but a New England State; they are exceptional." Let us take Indiana, then, one of the mighty young Western sisters, a community scarce half a century old. A stronger contrast to Rhode

come within the definition of foreign mercenaries; and, of foreigners arriving in America during the war, Massachusetts enlisted, as I have said, 907 out of 150,000. While on this point, I may add that the most reliable statistics as to the whole forces of the North show that of native-born Americans there were nearly 80 per cent, of naturalized Americans 15, and of foreigners 5 per cent only, in the ranks.

I can honestly say that I have chosen these States at hazard, and that a scrutiny of the remaining free States would give a very similar result. And now let us consider what that result is. Rhode Island, Indiana, and Massachusetts may perhaps equal in population this metropolis with its immediate suburbs; while one of them alone actually sent to active service, in the four years of the war, an army equal in numbers to the total volunteer force now under

1

+

1

Every Saturday,

Jan. 27, 1800.J

month.

"PEACE ON EARTH."

And now for my second point, the example set by the men of birth, wealth, and high position. Here too I feel sure that a few simple facts, taken at hazard from the mass which I have under my hand, will be more than enough to satisfy every just and generous man amongst my countrymen; and I am proud to believe that, whatever our prejudices may be, there are few indeed amongst us to whom such an appeal will be made in vain.

arms in Great Britain. Rhode Island is not so pop- | Perkins. Such a roll will speak volumes to all who ulous as Sheffield; and in eighteen months she armed have any acquaintance with New England history. and sent South 15,000 of her citizens. I know that Those colors have come home riddled, tattered, England in like need would be equal to a like effort. blackened; but five sixths of the young officers have Let us honor, then, as they deserve, the people of given their lives for them, and of the one thousand our own lineage to whom the call has come, and who rank and file who then surrounded them, scarcely one hundred and fifty survive. This by the way. have met it. -a name already honored I need scarcely pause to note how the Northern I refer to the muster, because Robert Shaw was people have paid in purse as well as in person. Let amongst those officers, one instance suffice. In 1864 the assessment of Mas- in these pages, and another nephew of Lowell's. sachusetts for taxes to support the general goverment Shaw's sister married Charles Lowell, of whom more amounted to fourteen millions, every fraction of presently. We all know how Robert Shaw, after which was collected without impediment or delay. two years' gallant service, accepted the command of Add to this the State taxation, and the amounts the first black regiment raised in Massachusetts (the contributed to the Sanitary Commission, and other 54th); how he led them in the operations before the grandest sepulorganizations for distributing voluntary contribu- Charleston, and was buried with his "niggers" in tions in support of the war, and we should reach the pit under Fort Wagner, a figure almost exceeding belief. I have no means ture earned by any soldier of this century. By his of stating it accurately, but am quite safe in put-side fought and died Cabot Russell, the third of ting it as high as twenty-five million dollars, actually Lowell's nephews, then a captain of a black comraised and paid, by a State with a population less pany. Stephen George Perkins, another nephew, than half of that of our metropolis, in one twelve- was killed at Cedar Creek; and Francis Dutton Russell at one of the innumerable Virginian battles. I pass to the last on the list, and the most remarkable. Charles Russell Lowell, the only brother of the James who died "dressing his line," was also the first scholar of his year (1854) at Harvard. He had visited Europe for health, and made long riding-tours On the day after the Sixth Masin Spain and Algeria, where he became a consummate horseman. sachusetts were fired on in Baltimore streets, Charles Lowell heard of it, and started by the next train to Washington, passing through Baltimore. All communication between the two cities was suspended, but he arrived on foot at Washington in forty-eight hours. In those first days of confusion, he became agent for Massachusetts at Washington, and brought order out of chaos for his own State before joining the army. His powers of command and organization gained him rapid promotion. He served with distinction in the Peninsular campaigns of McClellan, and, after Antietam, was selected to carry the captured standards to Washington. He raised a second cavalry regiment at home in the winter of 1862. He was placed in command of the cavalry force which protected Washington during the dark days of 1863. In Sheridan's brilliant campaign of 1864 he commanded the cavalry brigade, of four regular regiments, and the Second Massachusetts volunteer cavalry. He had thirteen horses shot under him before the battle of Cedar Creek, on October 19th; was badly wounded early in that day, and lifted on to his fourteenth horse to lead the final charge, so faint, that he had to give his orders in a whisper. Urged by those round him to leave the field, he pressed on to the critical point of attack; and himself led the It is the death of this nephew last charge which ended one of the most obstinate battles of the war. which wrung from his uncle the lines which occur in one of the last "Biglow Papers," published in one of last winter's numbers of the Atlantic Magazine,

I have said above that the mass of materials is large; I might have said unmanageable. It is, indeed, impossible to take more than an example here and there, and to bring these out as clearly as one can in the limits of an article. Let me take as mine a family or two, with some one or more of whose members I have the honor of friendship or acquaintance. And, first, that of J. Russell Lowell, the man to whose works I owe more, personally, than to those of any other American. It would be hard to find a nobler record. The young men of this stock seem to have been all of high mark, distinguished specially for intellectual power and attainments. Surely the sickle of war has never been put more unsparingly into any field! First in order comes Willie Putnam, age 21, the sole surviving son of Lowell's sister, a boy of the highest culture and promise, mortally wounded at Ball's Bluff, in October, 1861, in the first months of the war, while in the act of going to the help of a wounded companion. At the same bitter fight his cousin, James Jackson Lowell, aged 24, was badly hurt; but, after a short absence to recruit, joined his regiment "Tell my faagain, and fell on June 30th, 1862. ther I was dressing the line of my company when I was hit," was his last message home. He had been first in his year at Harvard, and was taking private upils in the Law School when the war broke out. varren Russell fell at Ball Run, in August, 1862. Many of us here may remember the account which was reprinted in the Times and other papers, of the presentation of colors to the Second Massachusetts Infantry, by Mr. Motley, at Boston, in the summer of 1861. It attracted special notice from the fact that the author of the "History of the Dutch Republic" had been so lately living amongst us, and was so well known and liked here. The group of officers who received those colors were the very jeunesse dorée of Massachusetts, - Quincy, Dwight, Abbot, Robeson, Russell, Shaw, Gordon, Savage,

"Wut's words to them whose faith and truth
On War's red techstone rang true metal;
Who ventured life, an' love, an' youth
For the gret prize o' deth in battle?
To him who, deadly hurt, agen
Flashed on afore the charge's thunder,
Tippin' with fire the bolt of men

That rived the rebel line asunder?

"Ta'n't right to hev the young go fust,
All throbbin' full o' gifts and graces,
Leaving life's paupers dry as dust

To try and make b'lieve fill their places ;

Nothin' but tells us wut we miss;

Ther 's gaps our lives can't never say in,
An' that world seems so fur from this,

Lef for us loafers to grow gray in."

He died next day of his wounds, leaving a widow of twenty, himself not thirty. The Gazette, in which his commission as general was published, did not reach the army till after his death. Sheridan, with the generosity which most of the great Northern captains have shown, declared that the country could better have spared himself, and that there was no one quality of a soldier which he could have wished added to Charles Lowell.

My first example, then, gives us one family, in which there was no soldier in 1860, losing eight young men under thirty in little more than three years' fighting.

have not failed their country in her second great need; and have fought well, and worked hard, though the present holders of these honored names, mostly quite young men, have not had time to reach their ancestors' places. The bearers of great names, I take it, do not get such a start in the States as with us at home. A descendant (grandson, I believe) of Alexander Hamilton, however, became a general, while several of his cousins remained in lower ranks. Colonel Fletcher Webster, only surviving son of Daniel Webster, was killed in Virginia. Perhaps the man who excited most the hopes and martial enthusiasm of Americans in the first months of the war was Major Theodore Winthrop, grandson of the famous Governor John Winthrop, scholar, traveller, poet, athlete, who was killed at the disastrous battle of Great Bethel, June 10th, 1861. A son of General Porter, who was distinguished in the last war with us, fell as a colonel in the spring campaign of 1864. Even the families famous, as yet, for wealth only have not shrunk from the fighting; one Astor, at least, and Cuttings, Schermerhorns, Lydigs, and others, having held their

I have mentioned the name of Motley above. Let us see how it fared with his circle. He has assured me more than once, that of his own immediate family there were fewer than the average in the ranks; but he had at least five near relatives serving, three Lothrops, one of whom was killed in Louisiana; Major Motley, badly wounded in Vir-own in the volunteer ranks. ginia early in 1864; and Major Stackpole, another highly distinguished graduate of Harvard, who served through the whole war, and has now resumed his practice as a barrister. Miss Motley married Captain Ives, a gentleman of fortune in Rhode | Island, who was travelling in Europe when the war broke out. He volunteered into the navy, commanded the Potomac flotilla, and accompanied Burnside's expedition to South Carolina, where he contracted the illness of which he has since died. His cousin Robert Ives, also a man of large fortune, volunteered into the army, and was killed at Antietam. I believe they were the two last men who bore the name of Ives in their State.

Or, let us come to names more familiar than any other Transatlantic ones to us, the Boston group. Longfellow's young son (Charlie, as I hear all men call him) has managed to fight a campaign, and get badly hit in Louisiana, at an age when our boys are thinking of their freshman's term at Oxford. Oliver Wendell Holmes (junior), poet, artist, Greek scholar, virtuoso, has been twice-I was going to say killed-well, shot through the body and neck, and again in the heel; and, having fought through all to the end of the war, is again busy with brush and pen. Olmstead has fought, with mightier weapons than rifled cannon, at the head of the Sanitary Commission. Of four brothers Dwight, two were killed, The name of Wadsworth is better known here and a third fought his way to general. Whittiers, than most American names in consequence of its Appletons, Lorings, Crowninshields, Dehons-but English connection. The head of the family was a I will tax my readers' patience no longer with rolls country gentleman' living on his estates at Genesee, of names which, perhaps, to most of them, will be in New York State, up to 1860, with a family of names, and nothing more! Let this last summing three sons and three daughters. At the news of the up of the work of men of birth and position in one attack on the Union troops in Baltimore he instantly State suffice (I choose Massachusetts again, bechartered a steamer, loaded her with provisions, and cause, thanks to Governor Andrew, we have more sent her up the Potomac, a most timely aid to accurate returns as to her, over here, than as to any the capital. He acted as aide-de-camp to McDowell, other State). Since the declaration of war, 434 and was his right-hand man in the Bull Run cam- officers from Massachusetts have been killed-9 paign, his "youngest as well as his oldest aide," generals, 16 colonels, 17 lieutenant-colonels, 20 mawas made a general soon afterwards; and, after jors, 15 surgeons, chaplains, 110 captains, and 245 several campaigns, was placed in command at Wash-lieutenants. Of the 35 general officers from that ington. His reputation as an officer had now become such that at the beginning of the last campaign every corps commander of the army of the Potomac applied to the War Department to have him with them as brigadier. He was killed in the Wilderness in the last advance on Richmond. His three sons have all served, the youngest having enlisted at sixteen. Thus every man in the family served; and the only married daughter is the widow of Colonel Montgomery Ritchie, one of two brothers, both of whom served with distinction, one to the sacrifice of his life by the same subtle disease which struck down Captain Ives.

I could go to any length, for my acquaintance with Americans is large, and I scarcely know a man who has not lost some relative in the war. But, apart from one's own acquaintance, there is scarcely one of the famous Colonial and Revolutionary names which has not been represented. The Jays, Adamses, Schuylers, Livingstons, Van Rensselaers,

State, 10 only have escaped wounds.

Of all the living graduates of Harvard (the university of highest repute in America), one fifth, or, to be as accurate as possible, nineteen and some fraction per cent, have served with the army. At Yale College, the percentage has been even higher. Conceive a struggle which should bring one in every five of men who have taken degrees at Oxford and Cambridge under fire, and which should call on us, besides our regular army, to keep on foot and recruit for three years a volunteer army five times as large as our present one!

Such plain facts and returns as these will, I am sure, convince the last sceptic if there be one left amongst us at this Yule tide, 1865 England has not spared of her best blood in the great day of the Lord, under the burden and heat of which the whole North has reeled and staggered indeed, but without ever bating heart or hope, and always gaining fresh power, through three years of