Abbildungen der Seite
PDF
EPUB

class, and it is this minimum that is contained in the table. In Reuss (senior line) the head teachers receive an additional salary of 60 marks for supervision of their schools, but the cities pay the salaries.

In Schwarzburg-Sondershausen rent is not paid, but fuel and light are allowed. These differences have been adjusted in the tables.

Schaumburg-Lippe has not been inserted in the table because there was found no basis of comparison between the teachers called head teachers and assistants and between teachers of the various classes of towns. It may be stated, however, that the salaries range between 850 and 1,200 marks, and increase at intervals of five years 100 marks each time. Increases are calculated from the day of definite appointment, and church service is calculated at 300 marks per year.

The salaries of rural teachers of the State of Hamburg are as follows: Assistants from six to eight years receive between 800 and 1,000 marks, a furnished room, and 50 marks for fuel. Among the definitely appointed teachers, the following categories are to be distinguished:

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

To these sums must be added a fixed sum for rent for unmarried teachers, or a free dwelling, with garden and fuel, for married teachers. Where these can not be furnished in close proximity to the schoolhouse, an adequate sum of money is paid as an indemnity. At present the school council of the State of Hamburg is considering a new scale of salaries, in which the minimum salaries are greatly increased. The so-called free city of Hamburg consists of the city proper, with about 500,000 inhabitants, and a surrounding territory called Hamburg land; both together form one of the constituent States of the German Empire.

Bremen: The figures quoted in the table for Bremen contain the sums paid for rent; hence they appear greater in comparison than they ought to be. It is reasonable to deduct 20 per cent to arrive at the actual salary and thus make them comparable with the other salaries granted.

Lübeck: The rural teachers of the country districts of the free city of Lübeck have free dwelling, fuel, and not less than 25 acres of garden and field. This is very much more than is comprised in the provisions for Prussian teachers, since Prussian teachers are provided with the kitchen garden, but certainly not with 25 acres of field. Fuel for the teachers in Lübeck has been calculated at 100 marks, hence the scale quoted should read 1,000 to 1,500 marks, beginning with the fifth year of service.

Though all these various calculations, which were unavoidable in the attempt to equalize the figures so as to enable comparison, may not in every case be absolutely correct, they are certainly as near the truth and the actual facts as possible. Essential errors are excluded and the figures submitted in the following tables, therefore, with the possible exception of Oldenburg and Bremen, offer a safe basis for comparison.

The first of the two tables following makes possible the reply to a number of important questions, for instance: What salary is offered a teacher at an age when marriage seems proper and advisable? Let us take a completed twenty-eighth year

of life, which would be about the ninth year of service as a teacher, and we shall see that (excluding Bremen) Hessia stands at the head with 1,200 marks, while Prussia falls short of that by 220 marks. After twenty-five years of service the teachers in Anhalt are at the head with 1,860 marks, while those of Prussia fall short by 420 marks. The figures in full-face type indicate the date at which the maximum salary is reached. Here we notice enormous differences. Hamburg (land) stands at the head with from seventeen to twenty years of service; Würtemberg at the foot of the scale with thirty-six years of service. Bavaria has no maximum salary fixed at all.

The second table contains the total sums paid for salary as well as average sums. These figures appear to be of greater value than those of the first table, inasmuch as they exemplify the actual value of certain orders or classes. In both grand totals, namely, in that of twenty-five years and that of fifty years of service, the little State of Anhalt is at the head, while Prussia remains behind with 227 and 323 marks, respectively.

If the numerical relation of the Prussian teachers is taken into consideration, a greater emphasis must be laid upon the salaries up to the twenty-fifth years of service; greater, certainly, than upon the increases offered after that time. For this reason in the year 1891 there were engaged of every 100 teachers

[blocks in formation]

The salary reached after the thirtieth year of service is drawn only by one-seventh of the total number of teachers, while two-thirds of them reach the salary offered at fifteen years of service.

The figures in the tables must not be mistaken to mean minimum income, but they are to represent the salaries only. There are other sources of income for teachers, and their normal school training prepares them for that purpose. The professional preparation of a teacher includes instrumental and vocal music, particularly the playing of the organ. We quote a few figures showing what income teachers in Germany derive from this church service; but it must be understood that the figures are all minimum not maximum salaries, since it is the intention to show the minimum income of German teachers.

In Bavaria service as organist or sexton is paid for only in a few communities, and the compiler is unable to state the salary with any degree of accuracy. In Würtemberg the teacher is expected to serve in church without any special pay whatever. In Saxony the income from church service is calculated only when it amounts to more than 900 marks. In Baden all church service on the part of the teacher is prohibited except that as organist, and the least salary paid for that is 100 marks a year; but in most cases it is much more. In Hessia the same conditions prevail. In Oldenburg the highest salary for service in church is paid in the Protestant communities, namely, 300 marks. In Catholic communities the payment of salary is not regulated, and varies considerably. In Weimar the teachers' pay for serving in church is not regulated either. In Brunswick 200 marks, in Anhalt between 100 and 150 marks are paid, while in Gotha the rural districts pay only 90 marks. In Coburg the salaries for church service vary and are not regulated. In ningen the salaries for church service in rural districts amount to 175 to 250 In Altburg no salary is paid, and in Reuss (senior line) 240 marks while

in Reuss (junior line) 200 marks are paid. Schwarzburg-Rodolstadt pays from 100 to 150 marks. In Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 200 marks; in Lippe, according to the size of the congregation, from 70 to 250 marks; in Schaumberg-Lippe, 300 marks; in Bremen (rural districts) between 200 and 600 marks. These sums must be divided by four to express them in American money, but that procedure would not approximately come near the real state of affairs, because the purchasing power of money is very much greater in Germany than it is in America; however, while the necessities of life, such as bread, fruit, and meat, are only a little cheaper than in this country, everything that bears the character of luxury or contributes to comfort is vastly cheaper than in this country.

One more point may be stated, and that is the number of years after which a definite appointment can take place That period is counted from the date of graduation from the normal school. Bavaria, after seven years; Würtemberg, after nine to ten years; Saxony, after three years; Baden, after eight years; Hessia, after four to five years; Oldenburg, after four years; Weimar, after two years; Brunswick, after five years; Anhalt, after two years; Gotha, after two years; Coburg, after two years; Meiningen, after two years; Altenburg, after two years; Reuss (senior line), after two years; Reuss (junior line), after two years; Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, after two years; Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, after two years; Lippe, after four years; Hamburg (land), after five to eight years; Bremen (land), after five years; Lübeck (land), after four years.

We add a list of German cities with the statement of average salaries paid to teachers in elementary schools. This list has been compiled from a work entitled "Die Gehaltsverhältnisse der Volksschullehrer," by H. Henck and H. Ischerland. A cursory glance at this table will show that the teachers in cities are not as well provided for as they deserve.

AVERAGE SALARIES IN GERMAN CITIES IN 1889.

As a basis of calculation it is assumed that the average length of service of teachers in Germany is thirty years. Calculations made in this Bureau from official tables published by the minister of education in Berlin make this appear correct, for the result arrived at was twenty-nine years and five months. The following list states the amount of salary only, and does not include any indemnity for rent, which is almost invariably paid, in addition to the salary, at the rate of 20 per cent of the latter. For the convenience of American readers the amounts are expressed in dollars and cents:

[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

Hildesheim.

452.00

Cöthen..

415. 25

Wittenberg

354.00

Potsdam

452.00

Zerbst

415.25

Bunzlau

353.25

TABLE 1.-Minimum teachers' salaries in German States, in mari, including periodical

increases.

rent.] [Sums expressed in marks, equal to 23.8 cents in American money.

Add about 20 per cent paid for

school.
Year of service, counted from the date of graduation from normal

[blocks in formation]

9.
8.
7.

10. 11.

12. 13.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

980 980 1,060 1,060 1, 060 990 990 889 1 000 1,000 1,000 1, 0901, 0901, 180 990 900 860 1,150 1, 150 1, 150

770 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 2001, 2001, 200

900 1,100 1, 1001, 100 1, 2001, 2001, 2001, 300 1, 300

925 1, 065 1, 065 1, 065 1, 065 850 850 700 9501, 090 1,090 1, 0901, 0901, 090 1, 180 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 1001, 1001, 1001, 200 1, 200 940 1,040 1, 040 1, 040 1, 140 1, 140 1, 140 1, 290 1, 290 880, 880 880 1,030 1,030 1, 0301, 0301, 030 1, 180 800 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1, 1501, 150 1, 150 990 1,140 990 750 750 1,000 1, 0001, 000 1, 000 1, 100 1,100 1, 1001, 1001, 1001, 250 1,250 990 990 990 720 720 1,050 1,050 1,050 1, 0501, 050 1, 050 1, 050 1, 1001, 1001, 1001, 100 840 840 840 690 690 840 840 975 1,050 975 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 1501, 1501, 150 1, 1501, 150 1, 300 900 900 900 858 1,003 1,003 1, 145, 145 1, 1451, 145 1, 145 1, 288 1, 288 1, 288 820 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 150 820 820 720 720 850 1,150 1, 1501, 150 1, 250 1, 250 1, 250 1,350 850 850 1,100 1, 1001, 1001, 1001, 1001, 500 1, 500 1,500 1, 750 1, 750 1, 750 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 1001, 1001, 1001, 1631, 163 1, 163 1, 225 1, 225 1, 225

900 900 980
889

900

860

900

860

900 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,200 1, 200

900 975

975 9751

TABLE 1.—Minimum teachers' salaries in German States, in marks, including periodical increases-Continued.

Year of service, counted from the date of graduation from normal school.

State.

14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21.

23. 24. 25. 26.

Prussia, bill of 1896.
Bavaria, regulation of 1893-

94

Palatinate, regulation of

1893-94

Würtemberg, law of 1835
Saxony, law of 1892.
Baden, law of 1892
Hessia, bill of 1896.
Oldenburg, law of 1883.
Saxe-Weimar, law of 1892..
Brunswick, law of 1895.

1, 140 1, 140 1, 140 1, 220 1, 220 1.220 1,300 1, 300 1,300 1,330 1,330 1,380 1,460

1, 180 1. 180 1, 270 1, 270, 1, 270 1,270 1, 270, 1, 360 1, 360 1,360 1,360 1, 360 1,450

1,080 1,080 1, 170 1, 170 1. 170: 1, 1701, 1701, 260 1, 260 1, 150 1, 150 1, 150.1, 2001, 200, 1, 2001, 200 1, 200 1, 250 1, 2001, 2001, 350 1, 350 1, 350 1,350 1, 350 1.500 1,500 1,200 1, 360 1, 300 1, 300 1, 400 1,400 1, 4001, 500 1,500 1, 300 1, 400 1, 400 1, 400 1,500 1,500 1, 500 1, 600 1,600 1, 140 1. 140 1, 140 1, 140 1, 140 1, 2151, 215 1, 215 1, 215 1, 180 1, 180 1, 180 1, 180 1,300 1,300 1, 3001, 3500 1,300 1,300 1,500 1,400 1,400 1,500 1,500 1,500 1, C00 1,600 Anhalt, resolution of 1892 .. 1, 29) 1, 440 1, 440 1, 4401, 560 1, 5601, 5601, 7101, 710 Gotha, law of 1892.. 1, 180 1, 180 1, 180 1, 180 1, 330, 1, 330 1, 3301, 330 1, 330 Coburg, law of 1895 1, 150 1,150 1, 300 1, 300 1,500 1,300 1, 300 1, 450 1, 450 Meiningen, law of 1894. 1, 250 1, 250 1, 250 1, 400 1,400 1,400 1, 400, 1, 400 1, 550 Altenburg, law of 1893. 1,100 1, 150 1, 150 1, 150 1, 150, 1, 150 1, 2001, 2001, 200 Reuss (senior), law of 1891.. 1, 1401, 140 1, 140 1, 140 1, 290 1, 290 1, 290 1, 290 1, 250 Reuss (junior), law of 1893..1, 300 1, 300 1, 300 1, 300 1, 450, 1, 450 1, 450 1, 450 1, 450 Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, law of 1891 Schwarzburg-Sonders hau- | sen, law of 1896. Lippe, law of 1891 Hamburg (rural), 1879. Bremen (rural), 1891. Lübeck (rural), 1892

States.

Prussia, bill of

1896.

Bavaria, regula

1, 260 1, 260 1, 260 1.350
1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250
1,500 1,500 1,500 1,600
1,500 1,600 1,600 1,600
1,600 1,700 1, 700 1,700
1,215 1, 2001, 290 1, 290
1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450
1,600 1,700 1,700 1,700
1,710 1,860 1, 860 1,800
1,480
1,450
1,550
1,200
1,440
1, C00

1,050 1,050 1.050 1, 050 1, 125, 1, 123 1, 125 1, 125 1. 125 1,200

1, 288 1, 288 1, 430 1, 430 1, 430,
1, 150 1, 150 1, 150 1, 150 1, 300
1, 350 1, 350 1, 450 1, 450, 1, 450
2,000 2, 250 1, 250 2, 250/2, 500
1, 288 1, 288 1, 288 1, 350 1, 350

1, 430 1, 430 1, 573 1, 573
1,300 1, 300 1,300 1,300
1,580

2,500 2,500 2, 750 2, 750
1,350 1, 413 1, 413 1, 413

1,480 1. 480 1,480

1,450 1, 450 1,600

1,550 1,550 1,350

1,200 1,300 1,300 1, 440 1.440 1,440 1,600 1,000 1,600

1,573 1,573 1, 573 1,715 1,450 1,450 1,450 1,450

2,750 3,000
1,475 1,475 1, 475 1,538

Year of service, counted from the date of graduation from normal school. 30. 31. 32. 33. 31.

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

1, 460 1, 460 1, 540 1, 540 1, 540 1,620
1,450 1,450 1, 540 1, 510 1,540 1,540 1,510 1.630 1,630 1, 630 1, 630 1, C30
1,350, 1, 350 1,440 1,440 1,940 1,440 1,440 1,530 1, 530 1, 530 1, 530 1, 530
1,309, 1, 360 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,440 1,400 1,400 1,500.

1,350 1,350

1, C00 1,600. 1.600
1,700 1,700, 1, 700

1.600 1, 700; 1, 700 1,700
1,800 1,800 1,800 1, 900

1,800 1,800 1,800 2,000

1,700 1,700 1.800
1, 900, 1,900 2,000

1,290 1,290 1,365, 1, 365 1, 365′ 1, 365 1, 265 1,440

1,450 1,600

1,800 1,800, 1, 800 1,900

2,010

1,480 1,630

1,700 1,700 1,700 1,700 1, 700 1,800

1,300 1,300 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,400 1, 400 1,400 1,500

1,440, 1,550

1, GCO 1,750

1,450 1,600

1,538, 1, 538 1,600

« ZurückWeiter »