As shown by the above table, twelve of the "twenty-five selected industries" show decreases in earnings ranging from 1.3 per cent. in "steam boilers," to 10.1 per cent. in "leather-tanned and finished," and thirteen show increases ranging from 0.5 per cent. in "brewery products" to 8.4 per cent. in "furnaces, ranges and heaters." The percentages of change, whether increase or decrease, are all between the maximum and minimum figures given above.

The average yearly earnings for the "twenty-five selected industries" in 1914 is $576.56; a decrease of $14.63, or 2.5 per cent., as compared with average earnings of the same industries in 1913. In "other industries," the average is 545.94 in 1914, against $547.31 in 1913, a decrease of $1.37, or 0.3 per cent. For "all industries," including the entire 2,624 establishments considered, the average yearly earnings of 1914 was $563.61, against $572.49 for 1913, showing a decrease during 1914 of $8.88, or 1.6 per cent. The aggregate amount paid in wages by all industries during the year 1914 was $183,530,890. In 1913 the wages paid amounted to $190,649,091. The decrease in 1914, is, therefore, $7,118,201, or 3.7 per cent.

Table No. 7 shows the actual weekly earnings under separate headings of men, women and children for each of the eightynine general industries, and in a general summary at the end of the table the same data are given for all industries. The actual number of the three classes of wage earners who received one or another of the wage rates specified on the table, beginning with "under $3 per week" and advancing through twelve higher grades to "$25 per week and over." In the compilation of this classification of earnings, the wage material used for the purpose was the wage reports from individual establishments for the week during which the largest number of persons were employed.

The last division of the table consists, as before stated, of a summary which combines together in one classification the average weekly earnings of all the industries considered. The total number of wage earners included in this summary is 362,428. Of these, 260,919 are men, 96,216 are women and 5,293 are children under 16 years of age. The average weekly earnings of all industries are clearly shown by this table, and the plan of combining into separate groups all operatives whose

earnings are practically the same is the only one by which an approximately correct understanding of the subject can be obtained. A calculation based on the average earnings shown on this table for all industries, in carrying out which the middle figure between the highest and lowest in each group is taken. as the basis, shows the average weekly earnings to have been $13.61 for men, $7.92 for women, and $4.58 for children. The averages for 1913 were $13.55 for men, $7.92 for women, and $4.76 for children. The weekly earnings of men increased 6 cents in 1914; the wages of women were the same for both years, and the wages of children show a decrease of 18 cents.

The table which follows gives the percentages of each of the three classes of wage earners employed in all industries, who are included in each of the specified wage groups.

The above table shows that 16.5 per cent. of the men, 73.5 per cent. of the women, and all the children employed in the factory and workshop industries of New Jersey are in the seven wage classification groups receiving less than $9 per week; 50.7 per cent. of the men and 23.4 per cent. of the women are in the three wage groups earning from $9 to $12, but under $15 per week; 28.4 per cent of the men and 3.1 per cent. of the women are in the two groups whose earnings are $15, but under $25 per week and over. The highest paid women are in the group receiving $20, but under $25 per week, but as shown by the table, only 0.3 per cent. are found in that grade.

Table No. 8 shows the average number of days in operation for each of the eighty-nine general industries, and the aggregate

average for "all industries;" the average working hours per day and per week, and also the aggregate number of hours overtime reported by each industry.

The aggregate average number of days in operation by all industries is shown to be 280.17. In 1913 the average was 283.98, which shows a falling off of 3.81 days in 1914, as compared with the next preceding year. Deducting Sundays and all generally observed holidays, there are 306 working days remaining; the average number of days in operation was, therefore, 25.83 days short of full operating time.

Only three of the general industries, included in which are 128 establishments, report having been in operation more than 300 days. These are: "Carriages and wagons," 303 days; "chemical products," 301 days, and "smelting and refining precious metals," 326 days. Certain departments of the last named industry must be operated continuously seven days a week and in some instances with two and even three shifts of workmen. This accounts for its high record of days in operation. The seasonal industries, such as "quarrying stone," "brick and terra cotta" and the manufacture of "glass," naturally show the lowest records of working time, which were for each of these industries in the order named, 226, 204 and 255 days.

The average working time per day for all industries as shown by the table is 9.58 hours, and the average per week is 54.42 hours. The working time reported for 1913 was 9.70 hours per day, and 55 hours per week, which by comparison with the figures of 1914 given above shows a small fractional decline in both respects during that year. Eight of the general industries, including 159 establishments, in which 33,254 wage earners-practically all men, were employed, worked ten hours or over per day-the highest being 10.71. These were: "Fertilizers," 10.00 hours; "graphite products," 10.16 hours; "mining iron ore," 10.71 hours; "paper," 10.75 hours; "silk throwing," 10.00; "smelting and refining precious metals," 10.00; "steel and iron-bar," 10.25, and woolen and worsted goods, 10.00 hours.

Seven industries, embracing 192 establishments, work between 8 and 9 hours per day, and all the remainder report working hours of 9, but under 10, per day.

Two hundred and sixty-nine establishments included in 67 of the general industries found it necessary to work overtime to a greater or less extent during the year, and the aggregate number of extra hours thus put in was 1,006,908. Reduced to working days of average duration for 1914 (9.58) the overtime amounted to a small fraction more than 105,105 days, which is practically equal to the labor of 372 persons employed 280.17 days, the average working time per year for all industries, a number equal to only one-tenth of one per cent. of the aggregate average number of wage earners employed in all industries during the year, a proportion so small that manifestly the abolition of "overtime" would not appreciably increase the opportunities for employment during regular working hours.

Table No. 9 shows the average "proportion of business done" by each of the eighty-nine general industries, and by all industries combined. The purpose of the table is to show how nearly the operations of each industry during the year approached its full productive capacity. Regarding 100 per cent. as representing full capacity, the extent to which the year's work of each industry falls below that standard should show the proportion of its productive power not called into use by the business demands of the year. The aggregate average "proportion of business done" during the year by "all industries" is shown by the table to have been 67.06 per cent., or 32.94 per cent. less than full capacity. In 1913, the average was 71.24 per cent., which was 4.18 per cent. greater than in 1914. Operated up to 67.06 per cent. of full capacity in 1914, the factories and workshops of New Jersey, as shown by Table No. 3, produced goods valued at $1,090,922,707. If operated to their full capacity during the year 1914, the manufacturing establishments considered in this compilation would have produced goods having a selling value of $1,450,927,200.

A number of individual establishments in each of the general industry groups report having been operated up to full capacity, but others fell far enough below 100 per cent. to bring the averages down to the percentages shown by the table. Comparisons of the "proportion of business done" in 1914, with 1913, are shown on the following table for the "twenty-five selected industries," for "other industries" and for "all industries." The

increases and decreases in 1914 are shown on the table by percentages.

The table shows an increase in the proportion of business done for the year 1914, as compared with 1913, by only four of the twenty-five selected industries, and these, with one exception "silk goods," 11.65 per cent., were by very small percentages; all the others show decreases; the largest, 18.04 per cent., is reported by the oil refining industry, and the smallest, 0.50 per cent., by the "chemical products" industry. The average falling off in the "proportion of business done" by the "twenty-five selected industries" is, as shown by the table, 3.82 per cent.; by "other industries," 4.52 per cent., and by all industries, 4.18 per cent.

The industries showing the largest reduction in proportion of business done are: "Oils," 18.04 per cent.; "brick and terra cotta," 15.87 per cent.; "glass-window and bottle," 13.91 per cent.; "electrical appliances," 13.14 per cent., and "machinery,"