Elements of GeologyKay & Troutman, 1846 - 305 Seiten |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
alluvium Alps altered ancient appear aqueous argillaceous augite basalt beds calcareous called carbonate of lime Carboniferous clay clay-slate cleavage coal colour composed conglomerates containing corals crag cretaceous crystalline crystals denudation deposits dike distinct earth earth's crust England Eurite feet felspar fissures formations fossiliferous strata fossils fragments freshwater genera Geol geologists gneiss grains granite granite veins granular green-sand greenstone horizontal hornblende hypogene igneous land lava layers Lias limestone MacCulloch marine marl mass metamorphic rocks mica mica-schist mineral character mineral composition mountain Newer Pliocene observed occur Oolite organic remains origin pebbles period planes Pliocene plutonic rocks porphyry Principles of Geology quartz Red sandstone rivers sand schist scoriæ sedimentary seen shale shells siliceous Silurian slate slaty sometimes species stone strata stratified structure supposed surface Syenite tertiary texture thickness tion trachyte Trans trap rocks tuff upper valleys variety vertical volcanic rocks Wealden
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 29 - The upper valve is almost invariably wanting, though occasionally found in a perfect state of preservation in the white chalk at some distance. In this case, we see clearly that the sea-urchin first lived from youth to age, then died and lost its spines, which were carried away. Then the young Crania adhered to the" bared shell, grew and perished in its turn ; after which, the upper valve was separated from the lower, before the Echinus became enveloped in chalky mud...
Seite 198 - If it be asked where the continent was placed from the ruins of which the Wealden strata were derived, and by the drainage of which a great river was fed, we are half tempted to speculate on the former existence of the Atlantis of Plato. The story of the submergence of an ancient continent, however fabulous in history, may be true as a geological event.
Seite 115 - It would be easy to multiply examples and authorities to prove the gradation of the granitic into the trap rocks. On the western side of the fiord of Christiania, in Norway, there is a large district of trap, chiefly greenstone-porphyry and syenitic-greenstone, resting on fossiliferous strata. To this, on its southern limit, succeeds a region equally extensive of syenite, the passage from the volcanic to the plutonic rock being so gradual that it is impossible to draw a line of demarcation between...
Seite 130 - Sir John Herschel, in allusion to slaty cleavage, has suggested, " that if rocks have been so heated as to allow a commencement of crystallization; that is to say, if they have been heated to a point at which the particles can begin to move amongst themselves...
Seite 61 - The strike, or line of bearing, is the prolongation or extension of the strata in a direction at right angles to the dip ; and hence it is sometimes called the direction of the strata. Thus, in the above instance of strata dipping to the north, their strike must necessarily be east and west. We have borrowed the word from the German geologists, streichen signifying to extend, to have a certain direction. Dip and strike may be aptly illustrated by a row of houses running east and west, the long ridge...
Seite 212 - ... was quite active. Their limbs and strong claws are admirably adapted for crawling over the rugged and fissured masses of lava which everywhere form the coast. In such situations, a group of six or seven of these hideous reptiles may oftentimes be seen on the black rocks, a few feet above the surf, basking in the sun with outstretched legs.
Seite 195 - The regular and uniform preservation of this thin bed of black earth over a distance of many miles, shows that the change from dry land to the state of a freshwater lake or estuary, was not accompanied by any violent denudation, or rush of water, since the loose...
Seite 212 - ... being motionless, and closely collapsed on its sides. A seaman on board sank one, with a heavy weight attached to it, thinking thus to kill it directly ; but when, an hour afterwards, he drew up the line, the lizard was quite active.
Seite 154 - TJWC, eos, dawn, and iracvoc, cainos, recent, because the fossil shells of this period contain an extremely small proportion of living species, which may be looked upon as indicating the dawn of the existing state of the testaceous fauna, no recent species having been detected in the older or secondary rocks.
Seite 212 - It is of a dirty black colour, sluggish in its movements on the land; but, when in the water, it swims with perfect ease and quickness by a serpentine movement of its body and flattened tail, the legs during this time being motionless, and closely collapsed on its sides. Their limbs...