Words and Pictures: On the Literal and the Symbolic in the Illustration of a Text

12th century Aaron according action Amalek Amalekites analogy angels appears arms artist battle Bibliothèque Nationale bishop body Byzantine called century choice Christ Christian church cited color conception context contrast cross Daniel described detail divine earlier early episode examples Exodus express face fighting figures follow frontal full-face give Greek hands head Hebrew held historical holding idea illustration interest interpretation Jewish Jews Joseph Joshua king later Latin less literal London look manuscript meaning medieval Middle Ages miniature Moralized Bible Moses objects Old Testament painting pair Paris perhaps picture position posture prayer praying present priest psalter qualities raised raised arms reading refers relief rendering represented ruler sacred scene sculptures sense showing sometimes speak spiritual stands stone story style symbolic theme three-quarters turned victory viewer York