The Oxford Dictionary of Islam

Abbasid activities Africa Ahmad al-Din Allah Arabic Asia Ayatollah became believed caliph century Christian cultural divine dynasty economic Egypt Egyptian established ethics faith founded founder God's hadith hajj Hizb human Husayn ibn Abd ijtihad imam India interpretation Iran Iranian Iraq Islamic law Islamic world Islamist Ismaili jihad jurists Khan Khomeini known lamic leader major Mecca Medina ment military modern mosque movement Muham Muhammad Muhammad ibn Muslim Brotherhood Muslim community Muslim world mystical National non-Muslim organization Ottoman Empire Pakistan Party percent Persian philosophy pilgrimage political popular practice prayer Prophet qiyas Quran refers reform religion religious revelation ritual role rule rulers Salat Saudi Arabia Sayyid scholars schools secular Shah shariah Shaykh Shii Shiism social society spiritual Sufi Sufi order Sufism sultan Sunnah Sunni Sunni Islam Syria Tariqah tawhid term tion tional traditional Turkish Twelver ulama Umayyad University Western women