Low Threshold Organic Thin Film Laser Devices

A/cm² absorption Alq3 Amplified spontaneous emission annihilation processes Applied Physics Letters BN-PFO charge carrier conjugated polymer copolymer current density D.D.C. Bradley d2nd DFB lasers distributed feedback lasers doped electroluminescence electron emission layer emission layer thickness emitting energy excited exciton F8DP fabricated Figure first-order G.A. Turnbull gain grating Heliotis high current densities hole transport I.D.W. Samuel injection intensity arb.u Journal of Applied Karnutsch laser diode laser emission laser threshold lasing Lemmer low threshold mixed-order mobilities modal intensity profile mode molecular organic laser diode organic light-emitting devices organic light-emitting diodes organic materials organic semiconductor lasers OSLs parameters Pflumm photocrosslinked Physical Review polaron pulsed QUPD refractive index resonator S.R. Forrest Scherf second-order spectra spin-coated stimulated emission structure substrate Synthetic Metals thermal thin films threshold current density tion transistors transport layer triplet excitons Universität Karlsruhe TH voltage Wang waveguide waveguide attenuation waveguide losses wavelength Weimann