Kernel Smut of Rice

abundance of secondary agar air-borne sporidia anthesis barclayana Bay City Bluebelle boot Brush inoculation Caloro chlamydospores Chowdhury 13 conidia conjugation disease dormancy endosperm floating spores flowering period growth Gulfrose high humidity horrida hyaline envelope hyphae incidence of smut index numbers inoculum irrigation water karnal bunt KERNEL SMUT ISOLATES kernel smut spores large number lemma and palea long-grain mature medium medium-grain monosporidial cultures mycelium mycelium grew Nato Northrose Nova 66 number of smutted occur open florets pathogen petri dish pistil potato dextrose broth primary sporidia primary sporidia germinate promy promycelium resistant to kernel Reyes 28 rice floret rice panicles rice varieties secondary sporidia set seed smut culture smut fungus smut infection smut of rice smut was found smutted grains sorus spore samplers spores germinate sporidia are formed sporidial solution sporogenous hyphae Spray inoculation Starbonnet sterile florets Takahashi 33 Texas Tilletia tion Tullis and Johnson V-8 broth Vegold-CI water surface