Discrimination in Organizations

affirmative action analysis ascribed characteristics Asian Americans attributes boards career census chapter characteristics Chicano court criminal decisions degree dependent variable determine differential distribution effect equal examine example factors Hispanics hypothesis impact important income individual industries inmates institutional discrimination institutional racism interaction job classification Kanter lateral moves less males and females mean measure ment minority groups mobility Native Americans Nordlie null hypothesis occupational opportunity organization organizational outcomes parameters parity parole participation particular pattern percent percentage performance persons Phalanstère population positions predictors problem productivity promotion proportion PSLR question race racial racism/sexism rates recruitment relationship relative relevant representation representativeness rewards role salary sample saturated model segregation seniority sex differences sex segregation sexism skill social indicators sociology Spanish language Spanish surname specific sponsored sponsorship stations statistical status structure study of institutional Table task tion tional tracts underrepresented