Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern World: Conflict, Resistance, and Self-determination

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Peter P. Schweitzer, Megan Biesele, Robert K. Hitchcock
Berghahn Books, 2000 - 498 Seiten
In an age of heightened awareness of the threat that western industrialized societies pose to the environment, hunters and gatherers attract particularly strong interest because they occupy the ecological niches that are constantly eroded. Despite the denial of sovereignty, the world's more than 350 million indigenous peoples continue to assert aboriginal title to significant portions of the world's remaining bio-diversity. As a result, conflicts between tribal peoples and nation states are on the increase. Today, many of the societies that gave the field of anthropology its empirical foundations and unique global vision of a diverse and evolving humanity are being destroyed as a result of national economic, political, and military policies.

Although quite a sizable body of literature exists on the living conditions of the hunters and gatherers, this volume is unique in that it represents the first extensive east-west scholarly exchange in anthropology since the demise of the USSR. Moreover, it also offers new perspectives from indigenous communities and scholars in an exchange that be termed "south-north" as opposed to " north-north," denoting the predominance of northern Europe and North America in scholarly debate.

The main focus of this volume is on the internal dynamics and political strategies of hunting and gathering societies in areas of self-determination and self-representation. More specifically, it examines areas such as warfare and conflict resolution, resistance, identity and the state, demography and ecology, gender and representation, and world view and religion. It raises a large number of major issues of common concerns and therefore makes important reading for all those interested in human rights issues, ethnic conflict, grassroots development and community organization, and environmental topics.

 

Inhalt

Russian 29
29
Visions of Conflict Conflicts of Vision among
55
Warfare among the Hunters and Fishermen of
77
Homicide and Aggression among the Agta of Eastern
94
Conflict Management in a Modern Inuit Community
110
Wars and Chiefs among the Samoyeds and Ugrians of
125
Ritual Violence among the Peoples of Northeastern Siberia
150
Patterns of War and Peace among Complex Hunter
164
Dynamics of Adaptation to Market Economy among the
275
Can HunterGatherers Live in Tropical Rain Forests?
287
Impacts of the South
305
Are They Dying Out?
327
Gender Role Transformation among Australian Aborigines
343
Haiom Naming Practices
361
Central African Governments and International NGOs
380
Hudhud
399

Economic
192
Political Movement Legal Reformation and Transformation
206
Identity Ecology
223
Marginality with a Difference or How the Huaorani
244
Interest in the Present in the Nationwide Monetary
263
Exposing Historical Processes in
413
Cosmology and
427
Materials
455
Notes on Contributors
475
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Autoren-Profil (2000)

Peter P. Schweitzer is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and Lecturer at the Institute of Ethnology, Cultural, and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna. Megan Biesele is President, School of Expressive Culture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. She helped found the Kalahari Peoples Fund in 1973 and currently serves as its Coordinator. Robert K. Hitchcock is an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Previously he was Professor of Anthropology and Geography and Coordinator of African Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (1983-2006). He has worked with San communities in Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Zambia since 1975, and he serves on the board of the Kalahari Peoples Fund. He worked for the government of Botswana in the Ministry of Local Government and Lands (1977-79) and Ministry of Agriculture (1980-1982) and has served as a consultant to the Department of Wildlife and National Parks in Botswana. He has also worked for the governments of Somalia, Swaziland, and Lesotho, as well as for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Bank. His publications include Kalahari Cattle Posts (Government of Botswana, 1978); Endangered Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: Struggles to Survive and Thrive (co-editor, Greenwood, 2002); Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Southern Africa (co-editor, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 2004).

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