Theories of History: Readings from Classical and Contemporary Sources

action analysis appear argument assertion Auguste Comte behavior believe bourgeoisie called causal causes character characteristically historical explanations civilization claim concepts concerning consequences context course deductive determined distinction doctrine economic empirical evidence example existence expressed force freedom Giambattista Vico given happened Hegel Hempelian historian historical events human ideas important individual inquiry interpretation involved Karl Marx kind knowledge laws logical logical constants Marx Marxism matter Maxentius means ment metaphysical method methodological methodological individualism mind moral nations natural sciences objective observed occur particular phenomena philosophy of history Philosophy of Science physical political possible predictive present presupposed principle problem produce Professor progress proletariat question reason reference regarded relation relevant result revolution scientific seems sense social sciences societal facts society sociological specifically historical statements theory things thought tion Toynbee true truth understanding universal hypotheses whole