Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief to Soviet Russia, 1921–1923Hoover Institution Press, 01.06.1974 - 248 Seiten In 1921 one of the most devastating famines in history threatened the lives of millions of Russians as well as the continuance of Soviet rule. Responding to a plea for help from the Soviet government, the American Relief Administration (ARA) agreed to provide famine relief in the stricken areas. The ARA was a private relief organization headed by Herbert Hoover, then U.S. secretary of commerce and one of the best-known Americans of his time for his spectacular success in rescuing the population of Belgium from starvation during World War I and in feeding millions of Europeans during the Armistice. Hoover was also a retired capitalist of considerable wealth, a champion of Republican liberalism, and a leading opponent of recognition of Soviet Russia. Lenin—head of the Soviet government, leader of the Bolshevik party, and living symbol of world revolution—was the antithesis of the ARA's chief. This book studies the personalities, motives, and modi operandi of these two celebrated figures, both as individuals and as representatives of their societies. At the same time it considers the relief mission itself, which has been the subject of continuing controversy for fifty years. Its partisans see it as a charitable, nonpolitical enterprise, while its enemies judge it an anti-Soviet intervention entirely devoid of humanitarian purpose. Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief for Soviet Russia is the first major attempt by an American scholar to reexamine the ARA mission, on the basis of much material made available since the ARA's 1927 official history. What emerges is, on the one hand, a painstaking examination of the historical details of ARA's mission and, on the other hand, a philosophic essay relating the ARA to broader questions of U.S.-Soviet relations the ideological antitheses of Hoover and Lenin. The author concludes that both sides overcame their ideological antagonisms and made possible a spectacularly successful relief mission that inspired the vain hope that a new era in Soviet-American relations had begun. |
Inhalt
1 | |
The Roles of Herbert Hoover | 17 |
Confrontation at Riga | 46 |
The Unique Encounter | 74 |
Expansion of the Mission | 96 |
The Politics of Retreat | 132 |
Disengagement in Russia | 156 |
The Aftermath | 179 |
Summary and Conclusions | 192 |
Bibliography | 203 |
Notes | 211 |
241 | |
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11 August According American Relief Administration April ARA Documents ARA staff ARA supervisor ARA's army arrested assistance August Bolshevik regime Brown to Hoover Bullitt capitalist Cheka Chicherin commissar Communist counterrevolutionary December declared District Supervisor economic Edgar Rickard Eiduk Famine in Russia famine relief famine relief committee February feeding Fisher foreign Goodrich Gorky grain Haskell Haskell's Herbert Hoover Herter HOOVER AND FAMINE Hoover to Brown Hughes informed Izvestia Moscow J. C. Quinn January July June Kamenev Krasin Kuskova Lander Lenin Litvinov ment million Nansen negotiations notified November October official peasants Petrograd Politburo political Pomgol Pravda Pravda Moscow Quinn relief effort relief mission relief organization Rickard Riga agreement Russian employees Russian Relief Samara September 1921 shipments Soviet authorities Soviet government Soviet leaders Soviet regime Soviet Russia starving supplies tion trade Tsaritsyn Ukraine United Urquhart Walter Duranty workers wrote York