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Biomechanical analysis of fundamental human movements

Frontcover
0 Rezensionen
Human Kinetics 1, 2008 - 306 Seiten

Unlike previous biomechanics texts that have taken a mechanical concept and identified activities in which the concept is implicated, Biomechanical Analysis of Fundamental Human Movements takes a contrary approach by focusing on the activities and then identifying the biomechanical concepts that best facilitate understanding of those activities. Superbly illustrated with more than 140 figures depicting the critical points of biomechanical analysis, this two-color text is an invaluable tool for those pursuing the study of advanced quantitative biomechanics. It presents a clear introduction to the principles that underlie all human motion and provides a complete study of fundamental human movements and their components.

Teachers of human movement, safety equipment designers, rehabilitation specialists, and students performing advanced research in the area of human biomechanics will appreciate the scientific and mathematical focus in the text. This focus allows readers to gain an understanding of human biomechanics that will enhance their ability to estimate or calculate loads applied to the body as a whole or induced in individual structures.

Biomechanical Analysis of Fundamental Human Movements begins with a discussion of the principles of biomechanics and then continues into more advanced study involving the mechanical and mathematical bases for a range of fundamental human activities and their variations, including balance, slipping, falling, landing, walking, running, object manipulation, throwing, striking, catching, climbing, swinging, jumping, and airborne maneuvers. Each activity is analyzed using a specific seven-point format that helps readers identify the bimechanical concepts that explain how the movements are made and how they can be modified to correct problems. The seven points for analysis are aim, mechanics, biomechanics, variations, enhancement, safety, and practical examples that move from the simple to the more complex. More than 140 figures illustrate the points of analysis throughout the the text, providing readers with a clear depiction of both the mechanics and mathematics involved in human movements.

The logical and sequential presentation of concepts in Biomechanical Analysis of Fundamental Human Movements is complemented by pedagogical elements that reinforce and expand the readers' understanding. Within each chapter, key points and highlight boxes summarize critical information, and recommended readings provide easy access to related reference material. For quick reference, students can refer to the glossary and the appendix containing a guide to key symbols representing mechanical variables and mechanical formulae. In addition, the text features more than 60 problems with answers, categorized by mechanical concept, for readers to test their understanding of biomechanical analysis.

Biomechanical Analysis of Fundamental Human Movements provides a complete understanding of this branch of human biomechanics using mechanical, mathematical, and biological definitions and concepts. Its focus on fundamental human activities develops advanced analytical skills and provides a unique and valuable approach that facilitates mastery of a body of information and a method of analysis applicable to further study and research in human movement.

  

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Inhalt

Biomechanical Structures of the Body
3
The Frame
4
Articulations
5
Ligaments
6
Joint Lubrications
7
Muscles and Tendons
8
Summary
11
Essential Mechanics and Mathematics
13
Jumping Safety
146
Summary
151
Object Manipulation
153
Aim of Gripping
154
Mechanics of Gripping
155
Biomechanics of Gripping
156
Variations of Gripping
158
Enhancement and Safety of Gripping
159

Kinematics
15
Kinetics
22
Summary
31
Foundations of Movement
33
Gravity
34
Friction
35
A Simplified Representation of Muscle Action
36
Biomechanical Properties of Muscle
39
Use of Muscular Force
41
Rotational Effect of Force
44
Force Applied Externally
45
Forces Acting on a Body Segment
46
Role of Biarticular Muscles
50
Summary
51
Fundamental Human Movements
53
Balance
55
Aim of Standing
56
Mechanics of Standing
57
Variations of Standing
59
Enhancement of Standing
61
Aim of Toppling Avoidance
65
Biomechanics of Toppling
66
Variations of Toppling
69
Enhancement of Toppling Avoidance
70
Toppling Safety
71
Summary
74
Slipping Falling and Landing
77
Aim of Slipping Avoidance
78
Biomechanics of Slipping
79
Variations of Slipping
80
Enhancement of Slipping Avoidance
81
Aim of Falling and Landing
83
Mechanics of Falling and Landing
84
Variations of Falling and Landing
86
Enhancement and Safety of Falling and Landing
87
Summary
93
Walking and Running
95
Aim of Walking
96
Biomechanics of Walking
97
Variations of Walking
103
Enhancement and Safety of Walking
108
Aim of Running
112
Biomechanics of Running
113
Variations of Running
122
Enhancement of Running
124
Running Safety
125
Summary
129
Aim of Jumping
134
Biomechanics of Jumping
135
Variations of Jumping
140
Enhancement of Jumping
144
Aim of Pulling and Pushing
160
Biomechanics of Pulling and Pushing
161
Variations of Pulling and Pushing
163
Enhancement and Safety of Pulling and Pushing
165
Aim of Lifting and Lowering
171
Biomechanics of Lifting and Lowering
172
Variations of Lifting and Lowering
177
Enhancement and Safety of Lifting and Lowering
180
Aim of Carrying
183
Biomechanics of Carrying
184
Variations of Carrying
186
Enhancement and Safety of Carrying
187
Summary
189
Throwing Striking and Catching
193
Aim of Throwing and Striking
194
Biomechanics of Throwing and Striking
197
Variations of Throwing and Striking
202
Enhancement of Throwing and Striking
203
Throwing and Striking Safety
206
Aim of Catching
208
Biomechanics of Catching
209
Variations of Catching
210
Enhancement of Catching
212
Catching Safety
213
Summary
215
Climbing and Swinging
217
Aim of Climbing
218
Variations of Climbing
220
Enhancement and Safety of Climbing
221
Aim of Swinging
224
Biomechanics of Swinging
226
Variations of Swinging
229
Enhancement and Safety of Swinging
230
Summary
232
Airborne Maneuvers
233
Aim of Airborne Maneuvers
234
Biomechanics of Airborne Maneuvers
240
Variations of Airborne Maneuvers
248
Enhancement of Airborne Maneuvers
249
Safety in Airborne Maneuvers
250
Summary
253
Mathematical and Mechanical Symbols
255
Mechanical Formulae
257
Problems
263
Answers
273
Glossary
283
Bibliography
289
Index
295
About the Author
305
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Über den Autor (2008)

Arthur E. Chapman, PhD, is professor emeritus in the School of Kinesiology at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, where he has taught and researched since 1970. Chapman has published more than 35 articles and presented more than 45 papers for refereed conferences, seminars, and workshops throughout the world. His research interests have included validation and modification of mechanical models of human muscle by means of direct observation in vivo and the mechanical properties of squash balls, rackets, and shoes and their implications for manufacturing and strategy in the game. His current interest is in computer simulation of control and performance of sporting movements, kinematic and kinetic criteria of skills involving gross body movements, and the modeling of human bodily motion using external inputs of force and internal inputs of muscle force.

At Simon Fraser University, Chapman has served as a member of the University Ethics Committee as chair of the Departmental Safety Committee and chair of the Human Movement Stream for the Undergraduate Curriculum Committee. Chapman is a past member of the Canadian Association of Sports Sciences and a founding member of both the Canadian Society of Biomechanics and the International Society of Biomechanics.

Between 1997 and 2000 Chapman served as an interviewer for the University of British Columbia Medical Admissions Board. As a biomechanist, he has served as an expert witness in numerous court cases throughout Canada providing human biomechanical analysis of automobile accidents, sports injuries, trips, and falls.

Chapman received his PhD in biomechanics in 1975 from the University of London, England. A 1965 Fulbright scholar, Chapman was also selected as the Rosenstadt Research Professor for the University of Toronto in 1992.

Chapman has been involved in rugby and track and field at a representative level and at an A level in squash. Currently he is a daily average golfer who declares to be improving.

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