River Ecology

abundance algae algal allochthonous Amazon animals aquatic bacteria benthic biological biomass CaCO3 calefaction carbon changes chemical classification concentration Creek current velocity cyprinids detritivores diatoms discharge dissolved oxygen distribution dominant downstream drainage basin ecological effects effluent energy estimated example factors fauna fish flowing waters freshwater growth habitats heavy metals heterotrophic Hynes impoundment increase indicated invertebrates laboratory streams lakes larvae levels lotic macroinvertebrates macrophytes material maximum McIntire metabolism methods natural number of species nutrient occur organic matter particle periphyton periphyton assemblages phosphate photosynthesis phytoplankton plankton plants pollution population precipitation primary production rainbow trout range ratio Red Cedar River regions relatively respiration result river system river water rocks rotifers runoff sampling seasonal sediments sewage silt soil spring stations studies substrate surface Table temperature thermal tion toxicity Trent Trichoptera tropical trout values Westlake zonation zones zooplankton